Some of the monuments in
Gallipoli Historical National Park

The Balkan Harbi Şehitliği (The Balkan War Martyr Memorial)
The hill to the south of the National Park headquarters is called Çamburnu (Pine Point). Following the coastal road and to the right there is a 2.5 metre high monument in a small enclosure. It was built in 1962 to commemorate those Ottoman soldiers who died in the Balkan Wars of 1912 to 1914 and those who fell in the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915. There is a scenic view of the Strait from here.

Kilid-ül Bahir (Lock of the Sea)  (currently called Kilitbahir.)
Continuing south from Çamburnu you pass a small monument to another unknown Ottoman artillery officer on the right of the road. In this region, known as Değirmenburnu, there was an Ottoman hospital during the war, though no trace remains today.
Further along the coastal road, at the entrance to a Turkish naval installation, is the grave of the Captain Tahir Bey, another Ottoman officer who died in the campaign, and on the hillside above the base there is a Mehmetçik Silhouette carved into the slope. The height of the carving is 55 metres high.
As mentioned above, the castle in Kilitbahir is in very good condition and has recently been restored. There is also a small museum to the left of the main castle that contains relics from the Gallipoli Campaign.
The Namazgah batteries to the south of the castle were built long before the war but were part of the Dardanelles' defences during the campaign. The Zargana beach in the front of the batteries is open to the public.

Seyit Onbaşı Monument and the Rumeli Mecidiye Battery
Outside the village and beyond the Hamidiye Batteries on the left of the road above the Strait there is a statue of Seyit Onbaşı, an Ottoman corporal who served with an artillery unit. On the right there is the Mecidiye Battery. This battery, under the command of Captain Hilmi Bey, fought at this strategic point during the Allied naval attack of 18 March 1915. Most of the guns in the battery were destroyed by Allied gunfire and the many of guns' crews killed. However, according to stories told of the battle, Seyyit Onbaşı on his own lifted a shell weighing 276 kilograms onto his back, climbed up to the gun position, loaded the shell into an undamaged gun and fired it. This shell supposedly hit the French battleship the Bouvet and sank it. One the legends told about this incident is that the shell plunged into the Bouvet down its funnel. After the loss of the Bouvet and two British battleships, the commander of the Allied fleet, the British Admiral John de Robeck, ordered his remaining vessels to withdraw. Seyyit Onbaşı survived the war and returned to his homeland Havran

Havuzlar
Another 1.5 kilometres down the coastal road from the Seyyit Onbaşı statue you come to the hamlet of Havuzlar, clad in old plane trees. In ancient times this was the site for the city of Arrhiarel but no excavations have been carried out in the area. Current day Havuzlar has a number of historical public fountains, and the sweet water spring and its pools are believed to have been developed to provide water to vessels passing through the Strait. Havuzlar also serves as a small summer resort, with cafes and pensions by the waterfront.

The Havuzlar Martyrs Cemetery
At the entrance to the hamlet by the sea there is a monument built in 1961 to the memory of two Ottoman officers and eight privates killed on June 21 1915 in fighting in the Kerevizdere sector at the toe of the peninsula. As at least 6,000 Ottoman soldiers are known to have died in the battles around Kerevizdere it can be said that this cemetery is somewhat symbolic. Some 2,500 French soldiers also lost their lives in the fighting in this sector.

The Soğanlıdere Battery and Captain Şemsettin Çamoğlu Monument
Continuing down the coast a further two kilometres the road turns inland and away from the sea. Here the Soğanlıdere Stream flows. There is a small cemetery for an Ottoman corporal and eight privates who were killed in a bombing raid by Allied aircraft.

Alçıtepe (Kirte)
Driving on from Soğanlıdere you pass the village of Behramlı on the right of the road, though there is nothing in the village to draw your attention. Two kilometres further south you come to the village of Alçıtepe. On the left of the road as you enter the village there is an abandoned military base where is located the Alçıtepe Garrison Monument. It is been said that the remains of some 10,000 Ottoman soldiers were brought up here by the villagers and buried. In their memory a marble monument has been constructed.
The old name for Alçıtepe was Kirte or Krithia. It was the objective of the British forces who landed on April 25, but was never reached by the invading forces during the entire campaign. Kirte later became the headquarters for Marshal Fevzi Çakmak. From the Garrison Monument drive on into the centre of the village. One hundred and fifty metres further on there is a private museum that is open daily.
If you turn right where the road in the village forks after the museum, in a westerly direction, the road leads to the scene of the fighting in the Third Battle of Krithia, as it was known to the Allies. Here in June and July was some of the heaviest fighting in the campaign. British and Indian troops advanced in this sector, supported by land and naval artillery, and captured a series of Ottoman positions. In counter attacks to recapture the trenches, an estimated 14,000 Ottoman troops and thousands of Allied soldiers lost their lives.
Along the road leading to the southern end of the peninsula there are the Twelve Tree Copse and Pink Farm cemeteries, the last resting place of many of the Allied soldiers who fell in the fighting in the sector

The Son Ok (Last Arrow) Monument
The road from Alçitepe to the west goes to the Son Ok Monument. This monument was built here as it was the location where the last bullet was fired in the Third Battle of Krithia and the spot where almost one thousand Ottoman soldiers fell. The inscription on the monument says that the Turkish soldiers holding the position had run out of ammunition and carried out a bayonet charge to push the Allied soldiers back. .

The Sargıyeri Monument
One kilometre away from the Son Ok Monument there is grand Mehmetçik Monument. This bronze monument is depicted as the guardian of the Sargıyeri Monument. The name sargiyeri (wound wrapping place) comes from the area being the site of a mobile hospital. During the fighting on and after 28 June, Allied artillery fire hit the hospital, killing many of the medical personnel and the wounded who were being treated. 

The Nuri Yamut Monument
This private monument was built in the memory of the 10,000 soldiers were killed in the battles around Zığındere, known to the Allies as Gully Ravine. The monument was ordered to be built by Nuri Yamut Pasha in1943. It is said that the general sold his home in İstanbul in order to fund the building of this monument. The remains of some of those who died fighting here lie beneath the marble inscription.

Seddülbahir
After visiting the Nuri Yamut monument, take the same road back past the Son Ok Monument and the Allied cemeteries of Twelve Tree Copse and Pink Farm and further on Lancashire Landing. The road turns near İlyas Point and then you see the Seddülbahir village and the castle, built in 1660, in the distance

The Helles Monument
The monument at the very toe of the peninsula near Seddülbahir is the British Helles monument. It is on a hill that overlooks two of the beaches where the British 29th Division landed on April 25. The central column of the monument is 30 metres high. On the surrounding walls are inscribed the names of 20,790 British and Commonwealth soldiers who were killed in the campaign and have no known graves. On the front face of the column there are the names of the major ships that took part in the campaign while on the side faces are the names of the units who fought in the Helles, Anzac and Suvla sectors.

Ertuğrul Cove (V Beach)
On the hill just below the Helles Monument there is the Ertuğrul Battery. One of the guns from this battery and the emplacements are still in position. On the morning of April 25 the British began landing troops at Ertuğrul Cove. However, due to the determined defence of the Ottoman troops stationed above the beach, the invaders made little headway. The attack was resumed with strong artillery support and the landing made good. However, the British suffered massive casualties getting ashore..

The Yahya Çavuş memorial cemetery for martyrs
The commander of one of the Ottoman platoons stationed above V Beach was Yahya Çavuş. The sergeant and his 63 men held their position against overwhelming odds for most of the day, all dying in its defence. This monument commemorates Yahya Çavuş and his fallen comrades.

V Beach Cemetery
The V Beach Cemetery contains the graves of many of the British officers and men who were killed in the landing at the cove on April 25.

İlk Şehitler Anıtı (First Martyrs Memorial)
Located in the village of Seddülbahir next to the castle is the monument for the first Ottoman soldiers who died in the Gallipoli Campaign. On November 3, only days after the Ottoman Empire entered the World War One, British warships bombarded the defences at the mouth the Strait. One of the shells caused a massive explosion when it struck ammunition stored in the castle, killing five officers and 81 privates. The mass grave of those killed in the blast is below the monument.

Hisarlık Hill - Şehitler Abidesi (Monument to the Martyrs)
The Şehitler Abidesi is the symbol of the Historical National Park. The monument can be seen for up to 40 kilometres from the sea and from the opposite shores of the Strait. To get to the monument you drive past Morto Bay and onto the Hisarlık Hill. This was the site of the ancient city of Elaeus.
The great naval attack of the Allied fleet on March 18 saw 18 capital ships sail past the headland here and enter the Strait. The fleet opened a heavy bombardment on the defences on either side of the waterway as they progressed up the Strait, coming under an equally heavy fire from the land based guns. However, the Allies were unaware that a field of 26 sea mines had been laid by the small vessel the Nusrat in Erenköy Bay. The French battleship the Bouvet struck a mine in the bay and sank with more than 600 of crew on board. According to some accounts, it was a shell fired by Seyyit Onbaşı from the Rumeli Mecidiye Battery that sank the Bouvet. Two British battleships, the Ocean and the Irresistible, were also sunk by mines and shell fire. Three other battleships were damaged.
This operation had as its objective to enter the Marmara and then sail on to İstanbul and force its surrender. Instead it ended in retreat.
So it is that at this point that the 41.70 metre high monument was built for the 253,000 Ottoman soldiers who died in the campaign.

From the Kabatepe Information Centre to ANZAC Cove 
After we visit the Şehitler Abidesi we move on towards Kabatepe and the Kabatepe Information Centre. When you turn right from the information centre travel for three kilometres alone the shore. Among the Allied cemeteries on or near the coast are Shell Green, Beach, Shrapnel Valley and Plugge's Plateau cemeteries.

Mehmetçiğe Saygı Anıtı (The Monument to respect Mehmetçik)
Another route to take is to take the road that turns to the right just after the Kabatepe Museum that is sign posted for Conbayırı and Lone Pine. Less than two kilometres along this road there is the Mehmetçiğe Saygı Anıtı.
This is a monument and the stature there were inspired by a speech given by the then Australian Governor General Lord Richard Casey, when he visited the peninsula in 1967. Casey, who served at Gallipoli as a lieutenant, told of how in a lull in the fighting a Turkish soldier carried a wounded British soldier from his trench and over to the Allied trench only metres away and, leaving him with his comrades, returned to his own lines
When you continue to the north you come to the Kanlı Sırt Monument and then you see the Lone Pine monument and cemetery.
The Lone Pine monument is the main Australian memorial on the peninsula, and has inscribed upon it the names of 3,268 Australians who died in the campaign and have no known grave.
There is also a memorial to 456 New Zealand soldiers who died in the fighting near Lone Pine and whose graves are not known. The memorial also lists the names of 960 Australians and 252 New Zealanders who were buried at sea. The Lone Pine cemetery contains the graves of more than 1,000 Allied soldiers, mainly Australians, who died fighting in the vicinity.

57. Alay Sehitliği (The 57th Regiment Cemetery for Martyrs
The 57th Infantry Regiment was one of the most famous units to serve in the campaign. On the first day of the land battles, Mustafa Kemal gave the men of the regiment the order, "I am not ordering you to attack. I am ordering you to die. During the time before we die other forces and commanders will take our place."
From the lowest private to the regiment's commander all of those who received this order died during the campaign. The monument and representational cemetery commemorate the 57th Regiment. In the grounds of the memorial there is a statue commemorating the last Turkish veteran of the campaign, who died at the age of 110 in 1994 while nearby there is the Mehmet Çavuş Monument

Conkbayırı (Chunuk Bair)
On the road leading to Conkbayırı from Lone Pine, you see the Allied Johnstone's Jolly, 4th Battalion, Courtney's and Steels Quinn's Post and Baby 700 cemeteries. After Quinn's Post, the road forks, with the left hand track leading to The Nek and Walker's Ridge cemeteries. Taking the right hand fork leads to the Baby 700 cemetery and Battleship Hill. It was on this hill that Mustafa Kemal on the morning of April 25 stopped the ANZAC forces that were advancing towards Conkbayırı, one of their first day objectives. There is a monument on the southern flank of Conkbayırı commemorating the holding of the Allied advance.

The New Zealand Monument (Chunuk Bair)
This monument was built in memory of the 952 New Zealand soldiers who died fighting in this sector. Many of those who fell capturing and holding this hill are buried in the cemetery below the monument, though only ten of the more than 600 in the cemetery have been identified.
Troops under the direct command of Mustafa Kemal threw the British forces that had relieved the New Zealanders off the hill on August 10

Atatürk Zafer Anıtı (The Atatürk Victory Monument)
The monument and statue on the northern flank of Conkbayırı is where a shrapnel ball hit Mustafa Kemal's watch in his pocket on August 10. Though the watch was shattered, he survived and continued to lead his troops.

Kocaçimentepe (Kocaçimen Hill)
Following the road past Conkbayırı and the next rise, Besim Hill, you come to Kocaçimen Hill, the highest point on the peninsula.
Below this hill, the battles on the Suvla plain, known to Turks as the Anafartalar battles, took place. Mustafa Kemal was made the commander of the Anafartalar Group soon after British forces landed on August 6 near the salt lake that can be seen from the hill. In the first four days after this landing, the Allied forces under the command of General Ian Hamilton lost 25,000 men.

Anafartalar
Following the road off Conkbayırı down the ridgeline you come to an intersection. The left hand turn takes you to the village of Büyük Anafartalar. Four kilometres from the village on your left is the Hill 60 cemetery. Taking a side road to the left just beyond the village towards its sister village of Kücük Anafartalar and then turning left, you come to the Turkish monument at Mestantepe.

Bigalı-Çamlı Tekke/the Headquarters of Mustafa Kemal
If you turn to the left off the road from Conkbayırı, you come to the village of Çamlı Tekke, known to locals as Bigalı. Here is the house that served as the headquarters of Mustafa Kemal for much of the campaign, including when he was the Anafartalar Group Commander. On August 21, the Allied forces launched their last major attacks on the Suvla or Anafartalar front. Despite launching a series of heavy assaults, the British forces could not break through the Turkish defence, with all attacks being repelled.

The Akbaş Mevkisi ve Şehitliği
(The Akbaş Region and Cemetery of Martyrs)
This monument, located on the coastal highway leading into Eceabat, commemorates the hundreds of Ottoman soldiers who were killed by Allied bombardments at a field hospital at this site and the sinking of a hospital ship by a British submarine.